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The aquatic sport of swimming is based on the human act of swimming, that is, locomotion in water by self propulsion, with the goal of completing a given distance in the shortest amount of time. There are also swimming competitions for endurance or precedence rather than speed, such as crossing the English Channel or some other stretch of open water. Swimming is distinguished from other aquatic sports (such as diving, synchronized swimming and water polo) that involve swimming but the goal is neither speed nor endurance.

Competitive swimming consist of four strokes: butterfly, breaststroke, freestyle (or front crawl), and backstroke. When all four strokes are done during a race, it is called medley swimming (otherwise known as the individual medley, or I.M.). Swimming competitions are called swimming galas, where the swimmer can swim one of the four strokes or I.M. for a certain distance (sprint race e.g.100m or distance race e.g.400m). When a swimmer achieves a better time then their exiting one in an official gala, they get a personal best time (or P.B.), and if the time is fast enough, they may achieve a national time.

Swimming is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation Amateur (FINA). The belief is widely held that swimming is the best exercise in the world as it works your whole body.

Source: wikipedia.com
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